首页 > 资讯 > 癌症免疫治疗：PD-L1信号通路演示动画

出自识林

2015-11-15

{{#video:v7deaa3fb1f6d1d5f8ce94b55907deaa6_7|w500 |h300}} {{#video:ve2d5be2f-9b5a-4176-93cd-951bd000849c|w700|h450|right}} Title: PD-L1/PD-1 passway: A security checkpoint url
Introduction：
Cancer uses a sort of “cellular camouflage”, tricking the immune system into seeing it as a normal cell. Dan Chen, M.D., Ph.D., global head of development for cancer immunotherapies at Genentech, explains how immunotherapy may affect the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, enabling the body to better detect and fight cancer.

Content：
As a scientist, I specialize in the cancer immunotherapy. My work, and that with my colleagues, is to figure out the stimulate immune systems to kill cancer. To understand this concept, Let’s talk a little more about our immune system, and how it works.

Taking a looking inside our body, All of us were born with immune system, that acts as security checkpoint at the airport. Our immune system is like high-tech full body scanner system, that protect us from things that’s harmful. In the immune system, T cell has receptors that scan cells to distinguish between normal cells and abnormal cells, like virus infected cells. Once detected, abnormal cells are attacked and removed by T cells. T cells also identify the cells for future recognition. The same T cells also play important role in protecting us from cancer. Cancer cells are normal cells that have mutated. The more mutation cancer cells have, the more easily they are detected. Until recently, We didn’t understand why T cells were detecting these cancer cells, but not destroying them. But on a closer look, we’ve made some reviewing discoveries, we’ve learned that one of the ways cancer cells get pass through the security system, is with the help of the molecular called PD-L1, that is found on the surface of cancer cells. PD-L1 is almost like disguise that allow cancer cells to remain undetected. PD-L1 basically hacks the T cell scanning system by jamming the signal to parts of the T cell system, called PD-1, and B7.1. Think of PD-1 as the sensor, that is part of T cell scanning system, and B7.1 is like alarm that issues alert when sth is wrong. When PD-L1 hacks the system, it prevent them from doing what is supposed to do, in other words, it may prevent T cells from destroying cancel cells. Scientists have been working on fixing this problem, and have designed moleculars to target PD-L1/PD-1 passway, you can think of cancer immunotherapy, as kind of like software update for immune system, early stages started by targeting PD-L1/PD-1 passway, T cells may be able to detect and destroy cancer cells.

Let me show you more details, T cells have receptors that allow them to recognize cancer, cancer cells can prevent elimination by turning on PD-L1, PD-L1 deactivates T cells by binding to PD-1, and B7.1. Blocking PD-L1 from binding to PD-1 and B7.1, could prevent PD-L1 from communicating with them. When this happens, T cells may finally be able to responding,- kill cancer cells.

Clinical trials are currently underway to understand the facts of trying to block the PD-L1/PD-1 passway in the body.
We are committed to studying cancer immunotherapy. So that we can continue to find new ways to harmonize immune system to flight multiple types of cancer.

Brought to you by Genetech, a member of Roche group.

PD-L1/PD-1通路图
（正常癌症状态见左图，用药阻断后理想状态见右图）

中文翻译：
题目： PD-L1/PD-1 通路：一个安全检查点

癌症使用了一类细胞伪装，欺骗免疫系统把它认为是一个正常细胞。Dan Chen，医学博士，哲学博士，是基因泰克公司癌症免疫治疗开发的全球负责人，通过动画解释了免疫治疗是如何影响PD-L1/PD-1 通路的，使身体更好地检测和战胜癌症。

视频语音内容如下：
作为一个科学家，我从事的是癌症免疫治疗专业。我和我的同事一起，希望实现刺激免疫系统以杀死癌症。为了理解这个概念，让我来介绍一下人体的免疫系统，以及是怎样工作的。

看一下我们体内，我们生下来就有免疫系统，功能就像机场的安全检查点。我们的免疫系统就像是高科技的全身扫描系统，保护我们远离有害的东西。在免疫系统中，T细胞有能够扫描细胞的受体，能够区分正常细胞和不正常细胞，比如说，病毒侵染的细胞。一旦检测到，T细胞就会攻击，并清除不正常的细胞。T细胞也会识别细胞，并进行进一步辨认。同样的T细胞在保护我们远离癌症方面起着重要作用。癌症细胞就是发生了突变的正常细胞，癌症细胞突变的越多，越容易被检测到，直到最近，我们不理解为什么T细胞能够检测到这些癌症细胞，但却不破坏他们。但仔细看，我们进行了一些回顾性研究，发现癌症细胞通过安全检查点的一个方法是因为有PD-L1分子的帮助，PD-L1是癌症细胞表面的分子。PD-L1就像是个伪装者，使癌症细胞不被检测到。PD-L1通过结合T细胞表面的信号分子PD-1 和 B7.1，干扰了信号，破解了T细胞扫描系统。可以把PD-1看作是T细胞扫描系统的传感器，B7.1就是报警器，当有错误事情时就会报警。当PD-L1破解了系统，就能阻止他们来做本该完成的事情，换句话说，就是阻止了T细胞破坏癌症细胞。科学家已经在努力解决这个问题，已经设计了分子来瞄准PD-L1/PD-1通路。你可以把癌症免疫治疗看作是免疫系统的软件升级，在早期阶段就开始瞄准PD-L1/PD-1通路。T细胞能够检测到，并破坏癌症细胞。

让我来讲一下更多的细节，T细胞有能够识别癌症细胞的受体，癌症细胞通过发动PD-L1能够防止清除，PD-L1通过结合PD-1和B7.1使T细胞失活。通过阻断PD-L1结合到PD-1和B7.1，能够防止PD-L1与后者的信息传递，当这个发生时，T细胞就能够做出反应，杀掉癌症细胞。

目前正在进行临床试验，以理解阻断体内PD-L1/PD-1通路的事实。我们致力于研究癌症免疫治疗。所以，我们能继续找到新方法来协调免疫系统，与多种类型的癌症做斗争。

这是Genetech给您带来的动画，Genetech是罗氏子公司。

识林^®www.shilinx.com版权所有，未经许可不得转载。如需使用请联系admin@shilinx.com